Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride monomer: a model of risk assessment on an experimental basis.

Recent findings on the carcinogenicity of chlorinated olefins.

Data are presented on factors affecting the carcinogenic effects of chlorinated olefins, such as molecular structure, concentration, length of treatment, route of administration and animal species, strain, sex, and age. The observations are based upon carcinogenicity experimental bioassays of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Early results, which appear to show that some of these factors ...

Ramazzini Foundation cancer program: history and major projects, life-span carcinogenicity bioassay design, chemicals studied, and results.

The Ramazzini Foundation research program was started over thirty years ago. The features of this program are: (1) systematic and integrated project design; (2) consistency over time; (3) homogeneity of approach: key members of the team remain unchanged; and (4) choice to work on new frontiers of scientific research. The program centers mainly on three projects: Project 1: experimental carcinog...

Persistent Raynaud's phenomenon after exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: assessment of endothelial damage.

Prenatal susceptibility to carcinogenesis by xenobiotic substances including vinyl chloride.

The carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride for experimental animals when administered transplacentally is reviewed in comparison with known transplacental carcinogens, including those that, like vinyl chloride, are dependent on enzyme-mediated metabolic conversion to a reactive intermediate in maternal or fetal tissues. Vinyl chloride is converted by mixed-function oxidases to the reactive metabolit...

Outbred CD-1 mice carry the susceptibility allele at the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1) locus.

CD-1 is the outbred mouse line most often used in toxicology and carcinogenicity bioassays. A literature survey revealed a relatively high (21.8%) incidence of spontaneous lung tumors in these mice, and a susceptibility to lung tumorigenesis induced by vinyl chloride, styrene or benzene inhalation that is not seen in B6C3F1 or C57BL/6 mice, or in rats and hamsters. As the pulmonary adenoma susc...